Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Dictionary

Terms commonly used in the world of blockchain and cryptocurrency

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51% Attack

A ‘51% attack’ refers to a possible attack on a blockchain by a group of ‘miners’, who hold more than 50% of the hashrate. In such a situation the ‘miners’ have the possibility to deliberately not confirm transactions or to issue transactions twice (double-spend).

Other Important Terms

Leverage

Leverage in financial market trading; refers to the use of borrowed capital to increase the size of one’s position to potentially increase profits. Also used as an investment strategy, to increase the potential return of an investment. A common type of leverage trading in crypto is margin trading, which involves putting assets up as collateral to increase purchasing power.

PoW

PoW – short for Proof of Work. A type of consensus mechanism, where nodes validate transactions by using computing power. Here is how it works: User A makes a transaction; User A’s transaction gets bundled into a block along with other users’ transactions; Transactions get validated; The header of the most recent block is inserted into this block as a hash; The cryptographic problem is solved during the mining process; The block is published to the blockchain; User B receives a transaction. For example, Bitcoin uses PoW consensus mechanism.

Margin Trading

Margin trading in crypto involves borrowing funds from an exchange and using it to make a trade. Margin trading is a way of using funds provided by a third party to conduct asset trading. Compared with regular trading accounts, margin trading accounts allow traders to obtain more funds and support them in using positions.

Bitcoin ETF

Short for Bitcoin Exchange-Traded Fund. A financial asset that is tied to Bitcoin price, allowing its holder to benefit from Bitcoin price fluctuations without having to store and trade Bitcoin itself.

Long Position

Long position – a state the trader is in when he buys cryptocurrency asset expecting that its price will rise. For example, if a trader bought Bitcoin 2 months ago and still hasn’t sold, he/she is in a long position.

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